In the initial phase after Kabiuk Studfarm resumed its operation in the autumn of 1894, the studs were formed by Thoroughbred, Arabian, Orlov Trotter, Ardennes heavy draft and some warmblood crossings. All the horses were imported from Russia, Poland, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. The foundations of two of the breeds that are still in Kabiuk?s variety of breeds were laid in that period: the East Bulgarian and the Shagya Arabian. The Thoroughbred Section was formed later, in 1954, and the Purebred Arabian Section followed in 1977.     Currently, over 300 horses on the average are bred annually. Every year, more than 80 foals are born and more than 70 horses of different training are sold in Bulgaria and on foreign markets, mostly in the neighbouring countries: Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Serbia, and Macedonia. The Kabiuk horses are sold to many West European countries as well. The horses currently bred are of the breeds mentioned above, i.e. Purebred Arabian Thoroughbred Shagya Arabian East Bulgarian.     Furthermore, the farm breeds small Scottish Pony and Haflinger studs.
Breeding Technology  Horses are bred on three different grounds. The sires and the dams of the key breeds are in the Central Division, so are the growing fillies. The colts are transferred to the Depot Division after their dams wean them.
	The flat race and classical horse racing practicing is performed in Shumen Hippodrome. The covering period is between December and mid June. For the Thoroughbreds and the Purebred Arabians, it starts on 15 February to ensure foaling after 1 January next year. The mating is manual, twice a day - in the morning and in the afternoon, based on individual mating schedules, and it is supervised by the veterinarian assistant or his deputy. A testing horse is used to test the mares and identify the mares in heat;
then the mares in heat are covered every 36 hours. In the Shetland Pony stud, the breeding is based on the stud-culture method, i.e. the sire is in the stud with the mares planned for him all through the mating period. After foaling, the foal is recorded in the stud register. After weaning at the age of 6 months, the ID number inscribed in the register is branded on the foal?s back. The Thoroughbred and East Bulgarian foals are branded on the right side while the Purebred Arabian, Shagya-Arabian and the Haflinger foals are branded on the left side.
The method used is "cold" branding - the branding metal numbers are cooled in liquid nitrogen. With Shetland Ponies, the ID number is tattooed inside on the lower lip. At the moment the dam weans the foal, its distinguishing marks are described in writing and drawing; furthermore, with Thoroughbreds and Pure Arabians, a hair is taken for a DNH-test to prove the origin (the sire and the dam). DNH tests are made likewise to the sires of the rest of the breeds.
	After weaning, the female foals are moved to the fillies? group at the Central Division while the male go to the Depot Division. They stay there till their training starts or till they are taken out of the breeding program and sold. One of Kabiuk?s greatest advantages is the availability of vast natural meadows where the horses are free to run in spring, summer and autumn. In this period the dams and the fillies are moved from the Central Division to the Forest where they are free in daytime and tied to horse fences under light shelters at night.
Parallel to the abundant natural grass that ensures nourishing and diversified feeding, the unlimited possibilities to move help the young animals to develop a healthy locomotor system, strengthen their joints and tendons and build proportional strong muscles.
The training of foals starts in the autumn, at the age of 1 year 6 months with the Thoroughbreds and at the age of 2 years 6 months with the rest. Thoroughbreds and Purebred Arabians are trained and tested in flat racing; the other breeds - in classical horse racing categories. The training process takes place at Shumen Hippodrome where Kabiuk has a 1950 m training horse track, a 70 х 24 m indoor arena, open dressage and steeplechase grounds and a total of over 80 individual stable chambers. After the training and test program, at the age of 3 years 6 months the selected fillies are moved to the main stud at the Central Division to start their reproduction activities. With the colts, this process starts one year or a couple of years later to ensure better testing and better possibilities for sport performances.
Kabiuk's breeding policy is determined by a special state panel the members of which are highly professional breeding experts. The panel visits the stud twice a year - in spring and autumn. The key selection work related to foal breeding programs for the main stud and to selection programs (i.e. individual mating schedules) is done in autumn. The other task of that panel is to identify the horses that will not be included in the breeding programs and the ones that have already finished their breeding program at Kabiuk so that they are taken out of the breeding list and offered for sale.     The stud sells only horses taken out of the breeding list on the basis of a report of the panel mentioned above!
	Diet     Due to the vast land Kabiuk has, the stud meets its major fodder needs. The horses here are fed on individual basis; each one has a monthly ration table. The daily ration includes concentrated and rough fodder and straw given for food and for floor cover. The concentrated fodder is mainly oats; it also includes barley, maize, bran and sunflower cake. Mineral additives are also included such as micro- and macro-elements and certain vitamins.
The rough fodder is predominantly alfalfa hay, mixed vetch and oats hey, mixed grass hey and natural meadow hey. In summer, the hey is replaced by slightly dried mowed alfalfa as a supplement when the alfalfa gets less in the dry months. The main studs, the colts and follies are fed 4 times a day: twice with concentrated fodder and twice with rough fodder. The horses that are being trained get an additional third portion of concentrated fodder.
	Stud Records     The foundations of detailed stud records were laid as early as Kabiuk resumed its operation in the autumn of 1894. That is the time when the first volume of the stud register was started as the foals were inscribed in it in the order of foaling, with descriptions of origin and characteristic features.
The number under which the foal is inscribed is branded on its back and stays there for its lifetime. The stud register of dams was started one year later; it contains all individual data of each mare and her reproduction performance in the studfarm.
Later, the sire register was started, The information in it is similar to the dam register only that it is in the "backwards" order. Furthermore, there is a mating register with information for every time a mare was covered every mating season. In addition to these registers, there are also books of the exterior measures of the foals in which the annual measures of each horse are recorded by 8 indicators. Besides, there is another book of data from the individual quality evaluation of each horse. As of 2001, when each foal is weaned, a description is made in writing and drawing. All original documents of purchased horses - some of them over 120 years old - are carefully kept and are particularly interesting to the stud visitors.In 1994, a computer database was launched. It contains all available data as of the time the stud resumed operation in 1894. Each horse's file contains a description in drawing and photographs.